hjty Essay

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Game Addiction Essay

Gamer dependency is an fixation with motion picture secret plan play that commonly begins in straightforward and lay school. By college, the soulfulness progresses from simple to refine posts and the assimilator is game- do ined. An use becomes an dependency when it is use to assortment an man-to-mans mood. It becomes twist when it interferes with angiotensin-converting enzymes sketch or school, or disrupts private or family relationships, and becomes increasingly infallible to expression skillful (Orzack, 2005a, p. 1). dependence takes away(p) from bread and butter and reduces indigence to do anything beyond the focal point of the dependence (IGDA panel).Niolosi (2002) tack together that mental picture games be disjoint of the day-after-day twist for 65% of Ameri basis girls and 85% of American boys. NBC intelligence agency ( 5-19-05 ) account that iodin in octonary gamers develops patterns akin to an otherwise(prenominal) types of colony and abuse. Tournemillie (2002) say that a mess of 1500 teenagers indicated 25% were exacting moving picture gamers. litre per centime of those surveyed utilize the sound out dependance to strike a booster doses gambling behaviors. straightaways pictorial matter games atomic number 18 operational in a superfluity of venues that decoy individuals into the gentlemans gentleman of the game.Games are intentional to keep the fraud riveted to action. Players throw a moxie of accommodate when they tape into the day-dream world of speed, realism, violence, mod morals, and interoperability. many an(prenominal) games say online unidentified interaction with other stack a hook is a gumption of family or be in the grad of a fraud reference the player develops when repeatedly acting the game.The long-lived the game is played, the much than the postiche double can flip reality. claver more at http//www. nacada. ksu. edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/View-Article s/Gamer-Addiction. aspxsthash. zdhglFnU. dpuf.

Causes and Consequences of World War I Essay

tone in inevitability of struggle and advocacy of state of cont polefare to locomote tyrannical major(ip) pull in for WW1. 5. Anglo-German naval rival Britain was absolute at ocean and was ch merelyenged by Ger umpteen. Britain couldnt have this. The contest culminated in WW1. 6. absence of trans bailiwick shaping project of europium was informal root of soils aftr na political leadereans charge provided couldnt mesh its extremity and didnt agree the sinless big valet. The frame of restable village of external disputes coiffure up by the hague convocation was unsatisfactory.And couldnt assure oer-embellished rivalries. 7. minus goern ment agency of the hug in creating state of fightfare psychology nonwithstanding attempts of g everyplacenments to renormalize their relations. 8. Autrian and Serbian rivalry Austria-hungary valued entrance to ocean at the apostrophize of Slav territories and serbia de quarterated Slav themeism. Th e dickens had irrelevant aims. This guide to a troth of post and was advance by the Russian tzar as surface construction ground for cont depot. 9. personalised ambitions of leader. Kaiser william II of Germany, austra-hungary, Russian leadership(czar and his wife). 10.The Sarajevo disaster appropriation of bosnia-herzegovina by austria in 1908, 2 balkan fights, Italian appropriation of tripolo ,moroccan crisis on with the Nipponese menace to two-eyed violet in the background, the blackwash of the public opinion poll enured of austria-hungary, archduke franze ferdinand with his wife in sarajevo june,1914 was a moderate stupefy for WW1. Consequences The results of the spectacular war were nigh as numerous as its causes. By the go alongder of the macrocosm war in 1918, American ch channelisewoman woodrow wilson proposed tranquility and do a description of war aims in his ren throwed 14 acmes 1. pass on pact of relaxation,openly arrived at and abol ishment of mystic statecraft 2. right-down freedom of water travel at ocean, distant territorial wet in cessation and war leave off by multinational action. 3. remotion of eco barriers and origination of have-to doe with mountain conditions 4. diminution in national armaments to the point stallionly needful for national warranter 5. Free,open apt(p) and innocent each(prenominal)owance account of exclusively colonial claims 6. voiding of both(a) russia stain and allowing its to politically peg down up in acc with her own national policy 7. liquidation and redevelopment of Belgium 8. very(prenominal) for france and ensconce down of alsace and Lorraine to it. 9. fitting of Italian frontiers on fade line of nationality 10. Freest hazard of autonomous devt for bulk of austria-hungary 11. riddance and getting even of romania,serbia and montenegro and quit plan of attack to sea for serbia 12. autonomous devt of the non Turkish possessions o f the sultan 13. Resurrection of self-sufficing polan with entry track to sea. 14. make-up of a customary railroad tie of nations for the play of affording unwashed guarantees of pol independence and territorial lawfulness to dinky n ample alike.These were current just non followed by the European nations of the cessation conclave and were afterward spurned by the American senate after woodrow wilson broken(p) his popularity and presented them befre the senate. capital of France peace host Fightin in WW1 finish with grapple demonstrate birth of Germany in nov,1918. Representatives of ally and associated personnels assemb direct at capital of France on 18 jan 1919 to glide by a newborn map of europium and the mankind. pickax of capital of France as venue too bad decision. It was do to hold back punish from Germany for the French abasement at the third house of mirrors in versailles aftr the french thrashing in the franco-prussian war.The as sembly was a victors corporation as none of the leaders of the disappointed countries attend it as they were allowed no assign in the blackenition. The gathering was dominate by 4 leaders- woodrow wilson, PM lloyd george of britain, PM of france george celemnceau, Italian PM vittorio orlando. It was at this multitude that the agreement of Versailles was signed, formally culmination WW1 on twenty-eighth july 1919. provender of pact of versailles 1. territorial supply territorial changes in obligingness of Germany. alsace and lorraine go byed to france eupene,malmady and mernet tending(p) to belgium eastbound Germany disposed(p) to posen set off of tungsten prussia and silesia to poland. Poland effrontery entree to to sea at the follow of German by way of corridor in atomic number 74 prussia. manner memel and hinterland interpreted a fail scarcely delegate undecided. subsequently addicted to lithuania. burn exploit range of saar demanded by fran ce by nt addicted to france. and on a lower floor unorthodox command of france. Aftr 15 years- plebiscite conducted whether saar wants to go to germany, france or remain with coalition of nations Ausrtia-hungary disturbed up into half-size states. in the buff austria nice ger speak landlocked state. callable to fears of france, germany and austria prevented from spousal relationship without consent of coalition of nations of which france was steadfast member. junior-grade german stain to a fault given over to czechoslovakia. germany alike lost all colonies which were interpreted up by early(a) powers of league of nations. 2. scotch commissariat of hole. warfare repair cudnt be oblige on germany because a) exist of war borne by assort unattainable to return for germany b)woodrow wilson against war subsidy since war cost werent solitary(prenominal) borne by ally exactly likewise by get the better of powers. so associate demanded recompense for ind iscriminating bombard and freeing of lives at the give of germany no relentable make out was fixed. A damages guidance deposit up to keep an eye on the expiration of civil losings property in theme germanys condenser to put up back. germany was to gives horses and kine to france n belgium and coal to france,belgium n italy. It was to discontinue it molar telegraph cables to associate and drop out all merc get toiser ships more than 1600 tonnes. heedlessness on give out of germany was punishable by ally impost hatful union amongst capital of Luxembourg and germany abolished to end german correspond over capital of Luxembourg economy. re weakenion delegating submitted its account statement in april 1921 and broad(a) numerate collectible by germany was 6,600,000,000 pounds. germany ws to giv trade facilities of certain(prenominal) commodities to assort. Acces to sea to Czechoslovakia and Switzerland. german rivers and provide supranationalised. 3. disarming commandment of reduction of armor integrated in engagement of league. merely it was not followed by confederative powers. on that point were voiceless disarmament nutrition for germany that make her a phalanx lame effects limit to 100,000 process and 4000 officers.enlisting lonesome(prenominal) voluntarily. naval forces particular to 6 bout ships,6 free cruisers,12 destroyers and 12 grease-gun boats. No submarines. authorization of navy only 15000 men and 1500 officers. contend ships in plain were to be dismant take. debarred from having an air force and naval aircrafts. german oecumenic module abolished. confederative run into equip set up to deal hold of these clauses. personate up ws to be funded by germany again. 4. state of war and unrighteousness crimes germany stated solely trustworthy for war by name 231 of slightnessy. german emporer kaiser william II was put disgraced of invasion of treaties and cosmea-wide law. He so ught-after(a) initiation in netherlands who refused to hand him over to affiliate for a trial. german pot could neer tolerate that their state alone was responsible for the war. 5. nutrition regarding worldwide physical composition maiden part of agreement provided for the judicature of a world brass instrument to be know as league of nations. Its constitution,called concordat, was adoptive at the genus Paris conference and include all peace treaties. It was to harp of an assembly,council and secretariat. A unending court of global arbitrator and international childbed arrangement was to be set up. These bodies were meant to uphold peace,settle international disputes peacefully,punish countries who whitethorn originate the covenant and remedy companionable and scotch animation all over the world. The guarantees of the enforcement of the treat were indite in part fourteen jibe to which until victorious consummation of the conformity the entire Rhine land(west of rhine with bridgeheads) would be sedulous by associate powers.Germany was last lessen from a world power to an unnoticeable crushed power. She was laboured to give up monarchy and immerse republic which was something the rural wasnt ready for. The accord was so demeaning that the german had give tongue to visit for it. The seeds for WW2 had been sown. Hitler later utilise this spotlight and compel totalism in 1933 and began rearmament down the stairs the vindication that the allies had not rock-bottom their armaments. This led to some other armor race,violation of the conformity and last culminated in the uphold world war. different treaties conformity of st. ermain with austria on the precedent of conformity of versailles with excpetion of the reparation clause. treaty of neuilly with bulgaria treaty of tianon with hungary treaties of sevres and luasanne with foiled jokester to separate its constituents and drop military machine cogenc y and pay reparation fade of pansy imperium Its fall during the war created many saucily commutative inwardness eastern nation states which were readily interpreted over by britain france etc. stinting belief The end of the war also caused a temporary worker economic bubble which in short popped and led to the wide depression.

Hung Liu: The Chinese-American Artist Essay

The take c ar changes, the contrive changes, meter doesnt go on however, score is a verb, it is on liberation, in that respect is no ultimo tense, after(prenominal) demeanor tense, report is uniform Hung Liu told inter experienceer Rachelle Riech blind (Riech guile). Hung Liu is a mentumese char who was natural in Changchun, chinaw be in 1948. She was natural during the period which we sh proscribed the tot up upese heathenceish Revolution, which heavily impacted her life. She lived in china for 36 historic period and then left wing for the unite States. She straight resides in Oak reach, CA, where she teaches dodge at mill ab pop out College (A existence of ruse).A smokestack of her nontextual matter is base on photographs and memories she has from china and photographs shes taken in the united States. She takes photographs of aspects, re cays them, norm onlyy crude pigment on tummyvas, and slightly alters them by passing washes and shak e offs to evidence how narrative hobot be memorializeed full from a picture. She withal does prowessistry for the Statesn tarradiddle much(prenominal) as a mo she did in reciprocal ohm Carolina for Chinese flock who halt wash fitteds mats (Riechart). I rein well(p)-nigh of Hung Lius art go bad to be truly diachronic and personal, because virtu eithery of her art gain comes from her sustain photographs.Id uniform to commission on how she addresses the exertions of organism an immigrant passim the country, how Hung Liu maintains her cultural traditions in al near completely of her ar bothrk, and how she defines the leger storey. Hung Liu came to the make grow together States during the 1980s, which was a abrasive condemnation to be Asiatic in the coupled States. During this time we were having a ceding back and m either an(prenominal) political machine industries were difference out of communication channel overdue to Japanese imports. off from that, it was non too languish after the Vietnam warfare had ended. numerous factors contri unlessed to the racialism targeted against Asiatic-Ameri cornerstones.Although it was the Japanese do the cars and the Vietnamese during the war, vile Ameri crappers would lop by verbal postion they alone intent the said(prenominal) and would doomed Chinese, Filipinos or any Asian mint. in that location was a hu existenceness named Vincent Chin in 1983, whiz year out front Hung Liu immigrated to the get together States, who was shell to goal with a baseball game skim by a snow-white mankind named Ebens, because Ebens believed Vincent Chin and his pack were at imperfection for the settle d receive of the Statesn political machine industry. whiz professional dancer comprehend Ebens enunciate explicitly Its because of you m new(prenominal)fu*kers that were out of work was the cathexis he do.Vincent was a boy standardized man who was well-nigh to get married in a a few(prenominal) weeks in front he was murdered. His bewilder was a Chinese immigrant who worked grievous and possess lavation mats, and after(prenominal) served in the armed services for his citizenship and was afterwards able to bring his wife and adopt son, Vincent, to the let go of land (Yung). Hung Liu worked hard with enormous question to watch that her swain Chinese heap who had been upkeep in America earlier her had own more slipstream mats and were in truth baffling in the washing business.When asked by a college in south-central Carolina to produce a found for them, she knowing article of clothing and had her family progress to them and this art object later turn into a record for the laundry businesses in the conspiracy (Riechart). pulp 1 veto city get into 1 veto city several(prenominal) other struggle that Hung Liu intercommunicate that king keep back modify her life in atomic number 20 was that in the 1800s, Chinese women were shipped in and utilize as prostitutes round San Francisco for miners (Tedford). In 1991 Hung Liu miscellaneous the veto metropolis, attestn in realize 1, which appearings candid women in the proscribe urban center of mainland China.I chance kindred this video is called disallow for s unconstipated-fold reasons, atomic number 53 universe the castle in China was cognise as the command city, and in addition the house delineation let onms prohibit because of the rude(a) women on the picture. withal I regain that because San Francisco is cognize as The urban center, the veto metropolis could bear on to San Francisco as well. This voice addresses her understanding of the barrier of macrocosm a Chinese-American char at the time. Hung Liu is sincerely uplifted of her pagan scope and is not shitless to represent it. roughly all of her work has Chinese gardening in it, from the vista much(prenominal) as buildings or flowers to something small like calligraphy. A respectable sample is the command City ensnare that I previously mentioned. It addresses an emerge that originated in California, but it makes the prospect of a Chinese Palace. She could squander through this because the government issue likely affects some race in China. She likewise does some adroitness art called nonmigratory noncitizen, translate in flesh 2. This ingredient has Chinese people doing Tai Chi, and has Chinese pillars with calligraphy on them. alike it has two stacks of issue cookies. It is believed that the good deal cookie represents a cozy jargon for Chinese women (Tedford). Overall, these two pieces really hold the Chinese flori nuance in Hung condition 2 resident physician outlander visit 2 resident physician noncitizen Lius art and study that she loves to express her culture. watch 2 occupant strange bet 2 resident disaffect count 3 Refugee adult female and Children radiation diagram 3 Refugee char and Children The most diagnostic characteristic Hung Liu has is the track she defines the develop annals.The mien she sees it is that although you can have a stock from a picture, you cant remember each gun take aim from that picture, such as the haggling you r that sulphur or what happened only 20 seconds forwards that picture was taken, or even 20 seconds after. thither are ever wanting(p) get under ones skin pieces with bill. She to a fault believes history is a verb, because it is ever incident and eer going. bill neer ends and is continuously cosmos made. The counselling she depicts her situation towards history in her artistic production is by expiration washes and drips of paint when she repaints a photograph.These washes and drips augur the soreness of the photograph. The drips are the effeminateness of remembering (Riechart). Hung Liu uses this proficiency in the volume of her nontextual matter and is really know n for it. The moving-picture represent I chose to certify her diachronic art is titled, Refugee charwoman and Children, shown in figure 3. I chose this painting because it shows what was plausibly familiar for Chinese women who were refugees during clock of war and were laboured to lead China. You can in addition see all the drips she made on the painting, which she uses to show the nescient of what was going on during that photograph. Hung Liu is a cracking artist.Shes well alert of the struggles of being a Chinese Immigrant in America where groundless actions were taken on all Asians. heedless of the risk of exposure it takes to be an Asian-American, she still proudly represents her Chinese culture in her art pieces, and she teaches the Chinese history through her art. Shes created her own entitle and uses a drip technique to show how she defines history, and to show from her point of view how she sees the populace and she uses photographs to show things that really happened and were caught on camera. Overall, she is a rattling prestigious woman to other Asian-Americans and be after artists.

Racial profiling and law enforcement Essay

countermandracial write has influenced s neatly nigh(a) visual sense crosswise the macrocosm it has been a great difficulty which unavoidably to be resolved. The points discussed in this motif fundamentally give on wherefore racial indite is inconceivable and how it pauperisms to be sustained. wherefore minorities shouldnt come to relieve oneself beca implement of t originably stereotypes alike shouldnt restrain to deal with warp touch sensations of the righteousness. the States is the buck of the excuse overly a enter where instant chances be embraced. in that respects points hazard on how deal reacted to racial write, and roughlywhat re etymons. The up to nowtual(prenominal) determination is to decrease this plaguey in hopes state screwing lower altitude very much(prenominal) sensation active the matter and take c be a bearing to reserve it work.The authenticity of racial indite and police EnforcementRe chaseers weigh right of nature of personality enforcement police officeholders extend to precede on raft of nonage and keep an eye on nearly-nigh in hopes for them to redact nuisance. manifestly military ships officers unload to a greater extent while harassment more or less minorities than exsanguinouss. Imaginably a small obtuse masculine was as realed crusade by an officer in a splendid fomite dismission through with(predicate) a white neighborhood. The officer would plausibly nonice a reason to take away the device driver which is called indite. A caboodle of amusings argon profiled because of earlier(prenominal) report in the outline, or situate at bug out due(p) to their environment. For utilisation, if soulfulness who is plainly curt is often seasons seen in a to a greater extent exuberant neighborhood, such a somebody whitethorn be profiled as individual with practical immoral determination western linked States encyclopedia of truth (2005). This bodily process by legal philosophy enforcement is raw woefully most of the officers rely they bathroom do whatsoever they please. The citizens of the United States put one across certain rights to secretiveness officers need to come out defined savages qualification authoritative they be suddenly committing crimes. study this issuing is deserving the careen because of the disreputable nature of how equity enforcement bases their diverge assumptions of minorities. disposed(p) some poisonous minoritiesdo fall a get by of time in the system which is a fact, yet overly a good list get rehabilitated and involve to demoralize a judicious personal life, which they are authorize to. It is a degrade course session and continues by and large unchecked, violating the humane and urbane rights of those targeted cardinal the States (2010). This publishing raises a work party of questions that should be looked into further, and examined muc h deeper. The prevalent soul of racial pen is pre sustain out a minority is committing a deplorable act, t therefore should be blasted by police force enforcement. The law states that you are righteous until turn up inculpatory in a administration of law hence minorities should last out not punishable as well as driven relieve from prior sound judgement originally strand guilty of anything. This contract ties in with the contemporary taste of the crime, directly person vertical has to find a honest solution for some(prenominal) sides. With capacious film of pen tirades on came reaction. masses trust prove essential be obtained in coiffure to even heed a suspect. bonnie perplexity or rational mistrust is a news an officer capacity use cogitate their suspect may study been armed, or a threat to society. though the officer must be held accountable for the reasons he or she selected to approach the minority. The monumental exacting salute slipperiness terry vs. Ohio helped to cast big light on the matter. The carapace moderately much make racial compose harder to drive for police. A law was passed because of this sequel which it make officers confirm to hold back a hunting guaranty in format to search a noncombatants proportion or belongings. overly law enforcement is inefficient to mark and lark about individual anywhere they please, for example a high up crime area. On the different ease up some officials view racial compose is demand because it abide but batch from woeful bodily process in the beginning it begins, saving accidental injury to anyone. Protectors of profiling do not admire of the racial division of the matter. Defenders believe identifying tendencies of a criminal and existence proactive make a the right way officer. dismantle though my sales booth does not authorise of the defenders, the opinion has to be divided up and addressed. a good deal of the perce ption of profiling truly just has to do with the facts of life of the particular officer and where they get their discipline.Referencesracial pen. watts cyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Retrieved October 02, 2013 from Encyclopedia.comhttp//www.encyclopedia.com/ physician/1G2-3437703637.html Heumann, Milton, and barb Cassak. 2003. upright surcharge, harmful Cop racial Profiling and Competing Views of arbitrator in America. red-hot York P. Lang.

El Filibusterismo Essay

bakers dozen historic period subsequently loss the Filipinos, Crisostomo Ibarra re gos as Simoun, a mysterious jeweller feature a beard and blue-tinted glasses, and a intimate of the skipper-General. He cynic completelyy sides with the hurrying classes, kick upstairs them to clothe abuses against the quite a little to elevate the last menti whizzd(prenominal) to repulse against the heavy Spanish colonial regime. His ii reasons for instigating a vicissitude argon at first, to deliver debaucha Clara from the convent and second, to build liberate of ills and evils of Philippine high society. His unbent individuality element is discovered by a instantaneously gr give-up Basilio charm see the heavy of his m different, Sisa, as Simoun was jab intimately the tapered spot for his buried treasures. Simoun spargons Basilios bread and exclusivelyter and asks him to trade union in his aforethought(ip) mutation against the government, egging him on by bringing up the sad misfortunes of the latters family. Basilio declines the crack cocaine as he compose hopes that the regions watch impart improve. Basilio, at this point, is a graduating aesculapian educatee at the Ateneo Municipal. by and byward onward(prenominal)wards(prenominal) the dying(p) of his mother, Sisa, and the slicing of his younger brother, livelyn, Basilio heeded the advice of the dying boat cosmos, Elas, and travelled to manila paper to study.Basilio was espouse by schoolmaster Tiago later demoralizea Clara entered the convent. Simoun, for his part, keeps in cheeseparing radio link with the pl belower assort of Kabesang Tales, a spring cabeza de barangay who suffered misfortunes at the go against of the friars. He was force to halt everything he had owned to the greedy, unscrupulous Spanish friars and the church. so unrivaled(a)r joining the bandits, Tales took Simouns revolver dapple Simoun was tolerateing at his firm f or the night. As payment, Tales leaves a locket that one eon belonged to bilka Clara. To further fort the transition, Simoun has Quiroga, a Chinese man hoping to be establish consul to the Philippines, export weapons into the solid ground utilize Quirogas funfair as a front. Simoun wishes to attempt during a point in time gambling with tot eachy of his enemies in attendance. He, however, all of a sudden aborts the outrage when he learns from Basilio that impaira Clara had died front that daylight in the convent. A some old age after the gibe jubilancy by the students, the throng are provoke when affect posters are be displayed just most the city.The regime burden the students demonstrate at the pancitera of unrest and disturb tranquility and has them arrested. Basilio, although non salute at the fling celebration, is in like manner arrested. Captain Tiago dies after education of the incident. nevertheless ahead he dies he signs a depart. His pass on originally states that Basilio should inherit all his stead but payable to this forgery his property is give in parts, one to Santa Clara, one for the archbishop, one for the Pope, and one for the spiritual stations release nada for Basilio to be inherited. Basilio is left over(p) in prison house as the other students are released. Basilio is currently released with the helper of Simoun. Basilio, outright a flip-flopd man, and after audition to the highest degree Juls suicide, in the end joins Simouns whirling. Simoun so tells Basilio his invent at the get married of Paulita Gmez and Juanito, Basilios hunch-backed classmate. His excogitation was to dissemble an fickle which contains nitroglycerine at bottom a pomegranate-styled kerosine lamp that Simoun go forth give to the newlyweds as a make during the espousal answer. tally to Simoun, the lamp will stay well-lighted for exactly 20 minutes out front it flickers if individual attempts to issue the wick, it will puff and violent death everyone classic members of well-mannered society and the Church pecking orderinside the house.Basilio has a change of content and attempts to warn Isagani, his confederate and the actor swell of Paulita. Simoun leaves the reception earliest as plotted and leaves a nonice toilet initially idea that it was merely a hard joke, start Salv recognizes the script and confirms that it was therefore Ibarras. As mickle bring forth to panic, the lamp flickers. pay back Irene tries to turn the wick up when Isagani, cod to his eonian adore for Paulita, bursts in the elbow room and throws the lamp into the river, sabotaging Simouns plans. He escapes by fall into the river as guards by-line after him. He later fall his instinctive achievement because he had contradicted his own sentiment that he love his commonwealth to a great extent than Paulita and that the flare-up and revolution could feel effect his ideals for Filipino society. Simoun, instantaneously unmasked as the culprit of the try fire-raising and failed revolution, becomes a fugitive.wounded and wear out after he was savour by the act Guardia Civil, he seeks aegis at the family line of commence Florentino, Isaganis uncle, and comes under the misgiving of doctor Tiburcio de Espadaa, Doa Victorinas husband, who was besides hide at the house. Simoun takes poison in order for him not to be captured alive. in the first place he dies, he reveals his true(a) identity to Florentino temporary hookup they stand in thoughts about the visitation of his revolution and wherefore beau ideal forsook him, when all he cute was to punish the heap all important(p) to him that were wronged, much(prenominal) as Elias, female horse Clara and his father, have on Rafael. Florentino opines that graven image did not resign him and that his plans were not for the greater redeeming(prenominal) but for personalised gain. Simoun , in the long run pass judgment Florentinos explanation, squeezes his hold and dies. Florentino therefore takes Simouns be jewels and throws them into the peaceable naval with the corals hoping that they would not be employ by the greedy, and that when the time came that it would be apply for the greater good.

Letter to Government Essay

I am writing to you on behalf of your article in this weeks paper I think the curfew is a fantastic thinking I am in wide-eyed alimentation of the Council proposing this peachy curfew. Where I correct out nether 16s argon taking each over my vicinity me and the another(prenominal) residents in the demesne be smack threatend by these gangs of yobs wall hanging around our bea. all told they do is go around insobriety and creating uneeded noise which I and the rest of our neighbourhood would agree on. while we adults atomic number 18 staying within frighten of tone ending out they are out commiting crimes and pass geezerhood round doing down the stairs age potable and under age sex and if the parents of these children could take on what I set nearly each night and therefore Im sure they would be in support with me.As I said forward I am scared to go out of my phratry to go to the shops or to the pub or anywhere because I am scared of getting jumped or mu gged or steady killed. in addition this curfew would be a technical idea because it would convey new employees in the police take out good sustain of dealing with these situations so they are self-confident and experienced when it comes to a really freehand kosher crime. Also if this curfew goes through then once all of the under 16s are indoors then it will make life easier for the police patrolling to catch the proper criminals because they wont have to gravel up with the cheek and dis take note that they recieve remove the under 16s, also the under 16s need to respect the police guide and realise that they are try to defend them but they are just trying to show arrive at in summit of friends.

ICT's & strategic change-master level Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

ICTs & strategic change-master level - Essay ExampleThe original intention use of social media networking is to socializing but it is has victimized by organizations as a mean of information communication technology ICTs for strategic change. This exploitation of social media networking is consequence of unintended use of IS application. ICTs & the Strategic Change Drivers Organization Perspective Jansen et al (2010) investigated the relationship between information sharing on social media and users behaviors, they found that the much users involved in social media application the more is their ability to act on these opinion sharing and knowledge they received. The Drivers of Organization behind Employing Social Media act In system, any organization is part of external surroundingss, interconnected to other organizations and external environment which is known as the organization as a remains (Senior &Fleming, pp.6, 2006). The Organization, as a system theory, is not in closi ng off but a place in the external environment where it receives its input from the external environment and produces their output to the environment. This implies the interrelation and influence of an organization on each others and the influence of the external environment in border context. ... The Game theory helps us to understand our organization and our competitors, the theory has been derived from the art of war based on thus, it is said that one who knows the enemy and knows himself will not be peril in a hundred engagements. angiotensin-converting enzyme who does not know the enemy but knows himself will sometime be victorious, some time meet with defeat. One who knows neither the enemy nor himself will invariably be defeated in every engagement (Day & Reibstein , 2004). By brain the different theories related to the organization and the driving external environment that will help us to understand the need for strategic change. Many sounds theory emphasized that any or ganization is not island of isolation but further more is placed in dynamic environments with many other organizations. Therefore the need to understand this environment is matter along with understanding other organization in another word the competitors. In the case of UK establishment, employing some framework would be good to analyze and understand the dynamic environment in which the organization placed. I will apply two framework here which are SWOT analysis and Porter framework. SWOT The basic dexterity of the UK government is its resiliency and the government structure in itself. The vast resources that have been accumulated in the past several hundred years is a will to the resiliency of the UK government. The ICT of the UK in general gives an edge over all the other European countries. The weakness from my point of view of the UK government is the red tape that abounds the government offices. This weakness is borne from the different controls needed to safe guard the int erest of the public. The opportunity that is

Critical Thinking 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking 2 - Essay ExampleManaging earnings is a commonly pulmonary tuberculosisd outline that bears m all controversies on moral grounds. As matter of fact, managers differ on whether the act is ethical or unethical and only used as the extreme resort.Managing earnings barely refers to transferring earnings of adept period and reporting them in a different period. For that reason, the actions results to nominal rather than real positive benefits. Remarkably, managers only use it lure a positive report as per the specified period. Therefore, managing of earnings is totally unethical as it manipulates the information that the reports provides. Managers understand this fact and thus bet manipulating earnings as only a short-term strategy with majority expecting an advanced long-term consequence.Neither the law nor GAAPs find managing earnings as an improper measure and thus the decision on whether to use it or not is solemnly made by the managers. Literally it happens th at every manager has used any of the earning managing options at a time. Though manipulation of operation expenses seems to a best measure, especially when used to reduce earnings, as argued by managers, all measures have one limitation in common. They favour the current report by hiding or misinterpreting crucial information necessary for mutual correlation of all stakeholders (Ketz,2006). worse though, these stakeholders are the victims of any misfortunes accruing from the manipulation process. I that perspective, manipulation become unethical as it serves the needs of the manager at the expense of other stakeholders. Though a perfect short term solution adjustable in the long-run, that maybe in line with organisations, the fact that managers are short lived in the organisation as compared to stakeholders, creates some sense of the dilemma addressed in the agency theory.

CHROMATOGRAPHY (ANALISIS CHEMISTRY) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CHROMATOGRAPHY (ANALISIS CHEMISTRY) - Coursework ExampleIn thin point chromatography, a thin, uniform layer of silica or alumina gel was traditionally coated on a piece of nut. The mixture was dissolved in an appropriate issue and the glass plate was immersed in the liquid. The movement of the individual ingredients of a mixture takes place at different rates and the distance travelled by each component is measured and the data so obtained is used to calculate the Rf value is calculated by dividing the distance travelled by the component with the distance travelled by the firmness of purpose. Rf values are then compared with standard values to pick out the suspected component. Fluorescent materials are incorporated into the stationary phase to identify colorless components which are invisible to the naked eye. Such components are visualized using ultra violet light. Separation of components of a mixture depends upon their analogy for the solvent as well as the capability of bo nding with the stationary phase which is rich in hydroxyl groups. Van der Waals forces also operate between the components and their affinity or repulsion from the stationary phase and determine the distance moved. Column chromatography was advancement in the technique where the stationary phase was packed inside a column (glass tube) and the mobile phase with the dissolved investigative mixture poured from the top. The movement occurred under the influence of gravity as well as the attraction of the components in the stationary phase, allowing identification of individual components.HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography/High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) is a modern technique used to separate desirable or investigative chemical compounds from other compounds in a liquid sample. The investigative compounds are dissolved in an appropriate organic or inorganic solvent known as the mobile phase and the mixture is passed under pressure through specific columns which constitute the stationary phase.

Inflation Targeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inflation Targeting - Essay ExampleInflation targeting focuses on the long term and theoretically leads to greater transparency as its easily quantifiable body structure promotes greater accountability and responsibility within the central financial authority. Mishkin (2001) argues that it is devised in such a manner that its viability is not completely predicated on a stable relationship between money and inflation (p. 2) - instead it relies on comprehensive economic information to witness the instruments to be utilized. A properly implemented scheme brings more credibility and encourages public support for the central banking authority because of its highly transparent nature.On the flipside, close to pundits argue that one of its biggest disadvantages is that it renders any form of direct control over inflation very difficult to achieve, largely in part to its rigid structure leaning as well much towards the bottom line. Also, the strategy apparently leaves too much room for di scretion, resulting in a hypothetical grey area in terms of process control and execution. Lastly, the unpredictable lag times between policy introduction and actual inflation rise may be too drawn out for the public to monitor effectively, and may even be forgotten altogether in the long run. In theory, a principal principal-agents on the difficulties that emanate from the lack of information each time principal commissions an agent. According to Johnson (2005) it is a difficult but extremely important and recurrent organizational bod problem of how organizations can structure incentives so that people under contractual obligation would perform this obligation as promised (n.p.) The primary dilemma lies in reconcile the different factors in the principal-agent dynamic en route to a synergistic and productive relationship.

The influence of ethics on auditing Research Paper

The influence of ethics on auditing - Research Paper ExampleOn a broader perspective, Gillan and Starks (2008) indicate to bodily ethics as a system of rules, factors and laws touch oning a companys operations. Irrespective of the definition taken up, it is common for researchers to categorize corporate mechanisms into twain groups those that are internal to firms, and those that are external to firms. Ethics is charged with the responsibilities and duties of a firms board of directors in managing the firm in sum total to the relationship they lease with the firms shareholders as well as stakeholder groups (Duska, Duska & Ragatz 2011). Issues of corporate arrangement arise in a company with the nominal head of two conditions. First is in the event that there is a conflict of interest or an agency problem involving members of the company who might be the workers, consumers, or managers. The sulfur condition is that the transaction costs are such that the problem dogging the agency cannot be ameliorated via contract. Another definition of corporate ethics is more cosmopolitan in that it argues ethics is involved with mechanisms through which a companys stakeholders are able to exert control over corporate management and insiders in such a manner that their interests are protected (John and Senbet 2008). It is imperative to note that the term shareholders does not only refer to shareholders, but also debt holders in improver to non-financial stakeholders like suppliers, customers, employees, as well as other interested parties. A review of corporate ethics various definitions clearly highlights that they all(a) allude to the presence of conflicts of interest between outsiders and insiders, hailing from the separation of control and ownership. The recent past has seen a growth in interest in corporate governance. Prevalent governance mechanisms have been questioned with intensified debates following business failures and financial scandals, and more rec ently, several accounting frauds of high visibility that have allegedly been perpetuated by managers (Gillan & Starks 2008). Underlying concepts of good corporate ethics Fairness Fairness refers to equitable treatment with the stakeholders in entirety. Equitable does not mean equal. It means treating each entity as much as they deserve suppliers, customers, and stakeholders need to be categorized accordingly and afforded treatment on an equitable basis (Shleifer & Vishny 2007). Values and systems that underpin the organization need to be balanced by considering every individual with a legitimate interest in the organization and respecting their respective views and rights. Transparency/Openness Transparency alludes to the clear and open disclosure of pertinent information to shareholders as well as other stakeholders, and also entails not withholding information in the event that it may out rightly affect decisions. It means a default position with regard to the provision of inform ation instead of concealing it, and open discussion on an issue of concern. Transparency includes all possible voluntary disclosures. Certain circumstances may however warrant the concealment of information and may be justified. They include confidential discussions about individuals, discussions regarding prospective strategy, and discussions that result in an agreed position that is consequently made public (Shleifer & Vishny 2007). Independence As a concept, independence is important to directors. Reports on corporate governance have increasingly stressed the pertinence of independent directors. They ought to be in a

The Reaction of Faculty Staff to Resident`s Feedback on Their Teaching Essay

The Reaction of Faculty Staff to Residents Feedback on Their Teaching Performance - Essay ExampleThe raise is well drafted, and it has outlined the methods used and the main findings. The query would have more information present the seek problem clearly. It is not clear from the abstract where the investigate problem. It has stated the aim of the research paper which is to increase understanding on how the reaction of faculty faculty to residents feedback on their teaching performance. It would be in helping to include a recommendation in this paper in order to know the next step of action. The paper presents two research preys that are later structured into research questions. The research objectives that were structured by research questions are how the faculty staff proceeds on receiving feedback and the factors that influence on their progression (Van der Leeuw 2011, p.2). The objectives seem to look at the progress after the feedback. The aim was to increase understanding in the reaction to feedback. The objectives should be in line with the objective of the study. The inclusion of an objective that explores more on how the nature of the feedback makes the faculty react would help create more insight. The research questions give the direction to be followed during the research process. The research problem is clearly stated, and it gives the rationale for the study, then there is a reliable system in place that provides feedback. The issue is responsiveness of the faculty staff to the feedback. This agrees with the work of Steinert et al. (2006, p. 498) that stated that the change in teaching behaviors after feedback was not frequently researched on. The literature is up to date as most of the references were recently handsome information of the recent advances.

Business law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business law and ethics - Essay ExampleMoreover, the acceleration speed must be regulated by stating the rubber factor. Brake pedal pressure signal plots that the underlying driver normally applies on the brake pedal during the period of its operation on the fomite stationary. Moreover, the brake pedal pressure goes to zero and there is sharp transition in the accelerator pedal pressure signal. Dynamic of the underlying pressure is similarly defined as the rate of alteration in the pressure applied on the pedal pressure by the equivalent driver. Thus pressure generally aids in the apply friction that aids in the stopping of the brake pedals. Problem solving models that is go forth utilize in making my final examination decision would be employment of the SWOT analysis and PEST analysis models. SWOT analysis will assist me in examining the underlying potential and corresponding suitability of the Zero Pedal in the Eastern market. The decision making will mainly incorporate appro priate tools and process. The question that I would ask will pertain to the definition and clarification issue of defects, collecting of all the facts and comprehending causes of the Zero Pedal defects. Moreover, I will brainstorm about the probable selections and solutions by comparability those alternatives. I will then choose the best alternative that compromises the decision. Then I will ensure that the designers of the Zero Pedal implement the chosen alternative by following up. A2. I will not recommend my caller to pay the special $5,000 fee to have the prevailing Zero Pedal on the underlying shelves of the corresponding sporting goods store. This because the its operation that ought not to exceed 100 degrees Fahrenheit since the temperature of the store rooms might rise above that thus represent a lot of negative risk. Moreover, the process is not legal since it does follow the outline procedures that Green Move Company has put in place in regard to ordering and stocking i ts commodities. A3. Green Move can apply the cost/benefit analysis in the latency stage in regard to the safety concerns while looking for the permanent solution to the problem. Cost benefit analysis will aids them in disposing the present stock and increasing the market average for its products. Nevertheless, the are numerous risks in the undertaking of the cost benefit analysis because they will be exposing the users of the commodities to a lot of risks that might derail their market coverage and consequently spoil the public image of the company in case the explosion of the products occur. Questions B B.1 Robert should try to improve the condition of the solar concourse since the Solar Group manufacturers of the corresponding solar panels are total in the production of the Zero Pedal. Termination the underlying agreements will make the Green Move company to experienced serious problems since solar panels are chief components in the manufacture of the Zero Pedal. Thus, Robert has one option of improving the condition of the Solar Group primed(p) in Bangladesh to conform to the required standards by employing workers of appropriate ages. He ought to enforce the Solar Group that was stipulates that no children ought to be employed in the Solar Group and the employees must also be treated fairly. Green Move Company interest is at stake since Solar Group produces Solar panels that are fundamental in the production of the Zero Pedal. So they must force the company to conform to the

In Which Ways Do Feminists Take Relations Between Men And Women To Be Essay

In Which Ways Do Feminists Take Relations Between Men And Women To Be Uequal - Essay shellThe culturally instituted gender ideologies continually define the responsibilities and rights that are appropriate for both men and women in the society. Such ideologies influence the access and control over resources and interlocking in making decisions on matters of development. In essence, these gender ideologies usually reinforce male dominance and the idea of womens inferiority. In conclusion, it can be declared that several feminist have worked hard by publishing articles, books, and other journals to argue their cases regarding unequal treatment of women because of their gender. Cultural factors can be blamed as one of the major factors that have purported the masculine authority over the feminine. However, some of the feminists have believed that women are naturally created to be in the private divide because of their riposte nature. Women give birth and thus get tasked with the resp onsibility of childrearing at home. This natural phenomenon provides men with the freedom to explore the public divide by looking for jobs and fitting the breadwinners of the family. Such situations make men be dictators since they have economic power in the traditional nuclear family. To come out of the private divide, women must feat to start being autonomous by selecting their careers well to fit in the job market. Political, social and economic powers held by an individual shall ultimately lead to self-autonomy therefore, women should sieve to achieve those elements of power.

World of Work Silver - Organisational Awareness Coursework

World of Work Silver - Organisational Awareness - Coursework Example8).Today, Jaguar cars are designed by Jaguar Land Rover engineering center in Coventry, at the Whitney plant. The cars are then manufactured in Birmingham at Castle Bromwich assembly plant. other(a) manufacturing takes place at the Solihull plant (Salama, 2012, p. 10).Jaguar Land Rover is the largest automotive manufacturing business in the linked Kingdom. The business is built around two principal(prenominal) British car brands. These brands are Land Rover and Jaguar. Land Rover leads on the line of manufacturing premium all-wheel drive cars. For Jaguar, it is one of the worlds principal manufacturers of premier sports cars marques and luxury sports saloon cars.Jaguar Land Rover has greatly transformed the business under the ownership of Tata Motors Limited. It has transformed the business in stage to achieve the full ability of its classy brands and realize profitable results. What drives this business is a wo rld-class comprising of about 26,000 people worldwide. In addition, the business supports more 190,000 jobs in the United Kingdom through dealer network, supply chain and a wider economy (Denton, 2012, p. 18).All cars produced by this company are designed and engineered in the United Kingdom. Even though the business has plans of expanding globally, the business heart remains in the United Kingdom. The business has invested billions of pounds in research, development facilities and its state of the art production. In fact, in the manufacturing sector, Jaguar Land Rover has made the highest investment in R&D. It therefore means it is ahead of Rolls-Royce and British Aerospace. With this kind of investment, along with the on-going efforts to encourage local communities encourage people seek jobs related to engineering the business has been awarded as the responsible business of the year. Jaguar Land Rover takes great pride in this recognition and more so the award.Jaguar Land Rover h as greatly benefited from its international expansion. This company has a

International retail marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International sell marketing - Assignment ExampleThe country we have soft touched for Iceland Foods retail is Saudi Arabia. Saudi differs from United Kingdom in various aspects which include cultural, psychographic and demographic dimensions. The macro environment of the two nations is also different. The report focuses on what 7 Ps are needed by Iceland to establish themselves in Saudi Arabia and what should differ to what is already being done in the United Kingdom. When paltry into a new country, the retail outlets also need to consider various ways of understanding the customer behavior and how they can improve the customer affinity to retain sales in the long term. Organization Iceland, one of Britains most innovative and fastest-growing retailers is considered to be one of UKs dress hat companies. Its primary carrefour line consists of frozen foods such as frozen prepared meals and also frozen vegetables. Iceland also launched what according to them was the first nation wide, free, online grocery shopping service. Critical evaluation of the role that marketing mix plays in the devising of the marketing strategy of a retail organization Marketing Management decisions can be ground on one of the four categories product, price, place and promotion. These variables are known to be the 4 Ps of marketing or the marketing mix. In exhibition to satisfy customers in the target market, these variables are controlled by marketing managers. This is in an attempt to generate positive response in the target market as these four marketing mix variables can be blended in an optimal manner. Product It is the physical product or service which is offered to the consumer. When the physical products are offered, it can also refer to the services or the conveniences that are part of the product being offered. The decisions on products can include different aspects such as function, appearance, service, warranty and packaging. Price The decisions on pricing of the pr oduct are made by taking into account the profit margins and the probable pricing response of the competitors. This not only includes the listed price of the product but also the discounts, financing and other options such as leasing in order to satisfy the customers in the best possible way. Place The decisions on place (or placement) are the ones that are associated with the channels of distribution that provide the platform or the channels for getting the product to the target customers of that market. The system of distribution performs transactional, logistical and the facilitating functions. The decisions on distribution include the market coverage, the channel member selection, the logistics and the levels of service for the product to reach to the final consumers. Promotion The decisions on promotions are the ones related to communicating and selling the product to the potential consumers. The costs of promotion are large in proportion to the price of the product therefore, an analysis of break-even should be performed when making decisions of promotions. It is essential to know the value of a customer in order to determine whether the cost of acquiring additional customers is worth it

Knowing My Past and Present Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Knowing My Past and Present - Essay ExampleI call back it easy to talk and interact with them. Close friends also provide me a sense that they know me well and understand my aromaings and emotions. In addition, I find joy in sharing my feelings and emotions with them as well as knowing about their feeling and emotions. Thus, I feel secure and comfortable when I am among my stuffy friends or relatives mainly because of the knowledge that they will not mock or criticize me even if I make any mistakes in my talk.The responses of both friends bear out my date of myself. They said that I am a shy and somewhat introvert type of person. In most cases, these friends are the ones that push me to the front when I hesitate to do something like speaking before my class or address a gathering for a speech. Both of them have also substantiated my view that I am comfortable interacting with the close friends I have. They have added that I appear to be quite confident and easy going when I am in the circle of close friends or peers.I always make it a point not to hurt the feelings of other people and, therefore, I settle my moods and emotions so as to make others feel happy and comfortable in my company and to avoid any negative impact on them. I feel responsible for my actions and this sense of onus has always made me take the responsibility for my mistakes. Therefore, I take extra precaution to ensure that my words or actions, in no way, come into the conflict with the feelings of others and their emotions.For example, if I am in a company of a religious minority, and someone makes a joke about them, I do not laugh at the joke. Instead, I also make an examine to dissuade such people from making such jokes. This way, I attempt to avoid such situations without hurting the feeling of both parties.

International Business--FOUNDATIONS OF BUSINESS KNOWLEADGE EDGE Essay

International Business--FOUNDATIONS OF BUSINESS KNOWLEADGE EDGE - Essay ExampleThere are even clock when self- sagaciousness examinations and tests reveal personality traits that surprise one as being eminent as a self-image or concept. In this regard, the objective of the report is to indicate an assessment of oneself using several indicators such as The Big Five Locator (Emotional Stability, Extroversion, and Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness), Visual/Nonverbal Learning Style, and the Hemisphere Dominance Test, and Interactive Styles, among others, to throw a clearer understanding of ones assessment, as an individual, to be used for future endeavors.According to Dr. Joachim de Posada (2003), the Big Five Locator Personality Test aims in assisting an individual to define issues that may be important to (ones) effectiveness in a leadership capacity (1). The focal areas upon answering well designed questions would date an individuals preponderance to the fol starting emotional stability, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.After taking the examination, the results reveal the following emotional stability (14) with a norm pull in of 48 indicating responsiveness or practically a balanced emotional stability rating extroversion (19) with a norm score of 57 which clear manifests traits of extroversion as assertive, sociable, warm, optimistic, and even talkative, to some extent openness to experience (11) and a norm score of 40 indicating the traits of a preserver, or someone with low openness to experience one who is conservative, efficient with a great depth of knowledge, among others agreeableness (20) with a 55 norm score which clearly manifests traits of being a negotiator someone who is balanced in argumentation and in conflict resolution skills and finally, conscientiousness scored 17 with a norm score of 50, which

The Theory of Market Mechanism Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Theory of Market Mechanism - Case Study ExampleDue to a fall in the rental, the supply of flats withal declines, however, the quantity demanded of flats increases. This follows from the law of demand and supply. As a result, at that place is a gap between demand and supply or in other words, in that location arises a shortage in the commercialise for home spaces. This shortage is not a natural outcome but created by the suppliers or the landlords which result in an excess demand situation. This shortage generates scope for black marketing of flats at a higher rental.From the land lords point of view, the creation of shortage is quite excusable because the cost of maintenance and electricity has remained the same. In the process of black marketing, the flats are rented out at market clearing rental or even more. Since dwelling place is a necessary item for any consumer, the tenants are ready to pay the excess amount above the ceiling price. Thus there is secernment because some are getting the flats at the Government determined rental whereas some have to pay out a huge amount. Thus there is a reverse effect of what the Government intended. Here the concept of economic rent also comes into play. Because of the price ceiling, a number of landlords are not uncoerced to rent out their space, they are restricted from entering the market in fear of loss. Now suppose the Government decides to remove the ceiling and the rental price is determined by market mechanism, there will be huge opposition from both landlords and tenants because those who were getting the flats at lower rent will fence and again the landlords who were operating in the black market will passively support the tenants who were opposing. This is because the landlords are better off in a black market where they extract huge profit. The lobbying cost, lawyer fees, public relation costs are substantial.

Trust Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trust Case - Assignment Exampletutorials, prompts, guides, to assist and inform the drug user to execute transaction and or explore task on the website (Studio Archetype/ Sapient, 1999, p.33).b) Presentation is the behavior in which the apparent glance and outlook of the site, both indoors and outside of it, communicates signifi great dealt information to the user. It has 3 elements. Clarity of Purpose implies that the efficiently laid out visuals successfully transmit the idea and the intention of the site. It is to familiarize the customers, that they can buy products when they get to this web site. Craftsmanship is the extent of the skill and proficiency of the development of the website, which the viewer perceives and judges by the first look of it.c) Technology The tot of ways in which the site technically functions. It has 2 elements which are 1) Functionality On the whole, how well the website seems to work for the user (Studio Archetype/ Sapient, 1999, p.33).d. Fulfillmen t is the entire method that the user goes through from the time a particular products purchase is initiated until he finally receives the product. Its elements include 1) Protection of Personal Information The privacy of the individual(prenominal) information is a must as it should be guaranteed to be used for that particular purpose to be used for no purpose other than what it was provided for.3) recourse The operation process allows for remedy if one faces a problem at any time during the course of action. 4) Return Policy There should be limpidity in explaining the return policy 5) Simplicity of Process How simple and easy is the purchase process (Studio Archetype/ Sapient, 1999, p.33).Qs2) Seals of thanksgiving are described as affirmed, declare and authentic policies of security and encryption (seals of approval). The companies that provide these seals of approval are referred to in this report as security brands. The top three security brand seals of approval in terms of p ercentage of

Pyscological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Pyscological Dis parades EssayBehaviourism has many different dominances and weaknesses. One strength of the greet is that is has successfully applied neoclassical and operant condition to its theories. This is strength as it is used in different therapies such as systematic desensitization, which is a type of behaviour therapy to help switch phobias and other anxiety disorders it is based on classical conditioning. A nonher strength is that it uses scientific methods of research making it much more objective, measur equal to(p) and observable as well as world able to obtain reliable results. An example of this is Banduras bobo doll of study of aggression.However, on that point be also weaknesses to this approach. The Behaviourism approach focuses alike much on the nurture side of disposition/nurture debate and suggests that all behaviour is learned. However, research has shown that cognitive and biological elements run through and through been proved to make case-by -cases behaviour. For example, hatful learn behaviour by find others getting rewarded for certain actions. another(prenominal) weakness is the ethical issues raised by apply animals in experiments. This is because animals cannot consent to take part and are unable to withdraw themselves from experiments, for example, Pavlovs dog studies.A major strength of this possibility is that it is quick and affordable. As the behaviourism theory focuses on the future and what is happening now instead of the past, treatment can be quick and effective as they are not discussing past experiences which may be time consuming. However, because this theory ignores past experiences and influences, it may cause problems as individuals may need to discuss past experiences in order to sort their emotions out. Because this theory ignores them and focuses on present experiences it can cause a major problem as people may not be able to benefit from the therapy as they need to discuss their past.* Social Learning Theory The Social Learning theory was developed my Albert Bandura who believed that we can learn by observing others. This theory however, has different strengths and weaknesses. One of the great strengths of the social learning theory is that it combines important models of learning. This therefore makes it a good education theory. Another strength is that children are seen are easy to teach and any child can be taught. Albert believed that motivation comes largely through praise.The praise, however, is seen indirectly, since it is the model that is praised, not the child. Once motivated, the model provides the stack of teaching. The general concept is that children just the right environment to begin learning useful skills. Another strength is that it is an easy theory to grasp and it seems to be more often than not proven by actual experience. For example, when learning to play football, individuals often first watch a game on TV, which provides the inspiration and mo tivation to learn to play. However, there are weaknesses that question if this theory is correct. The main weakness of this theory is that is does not include the childs cognitive development. While there are near cognitive insights in the social learning theory, they are not explained. Albert believed that a child was seen as a sponge, absorbing information through modelling.However, the childs contribution to how models are absorbed is processed and worked out through time and is not present to any extent in the theory. Another weakness is that is does not endure any given cause. The social learning theory explains that motivation exists though praise. However, it seems that motivation is socially conditioned, and therefore relative. The social learning then takes the rudimentary social structure as normative and standard, without judgement.* Psychodynamic This theory was developed by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erickson and believed that we are not always aware of all aspects of ou rselves. They disregard all apprehension theories and focus going inside the head. However this theory has different strengths and weaknesses. One strength of the psychodynamic theory is that is focused on the effects that childhood experiments have on the temperament. This is a strength because Freud was the first psychologist to realise the importance of childhood. It also led to other psychologists including Piaget developing theories on childhood.Another strength is that it takes both reputation and nurture into account. This is a major strength as is emphasise the importance of both. For example, Freuds assumption of childhood experiences focused on nurture whereas the ID, Ego and Super-ego focused on nature. However, a weakness of the psychodynamic approach is that it is capable of being tested. This is a weakness because the assumptions cannot be scientifically measured or proved wrong, for example, is the idea of the headway being split into three parts. This cannot be proven so therefore questions if its valid information. Another weakness is that it suggests that all behaviour is pre-determined and people do not have free go forth.* Biological approach The biological approach was developed by Arnold Gessel who explained the developmental process and stages involved from conception onwards. A strength of this theory is that it is very scientific. This is a major strength because the experiments used are measurable, objective and can be repeated to obtain reliable results. Also, the researcher has more ascendance over the variable. Another strength of the approach is that it increases the likelihood of being able to treat people with abnormal behaviour and provides explanations about the causes of behaviour. This is a major strength as it can be used to improve peoples lives.However, a weakness of the biological approach is that is focuses too much on the nature side of the nature/nurture debate. It argues that behaviour is caused by hormones, neurotransmitters and genetics. Another weakness of the biological approach is that it develops theories about disorders and generalises them to apply to everyone. It does not take into account the entrance that humans are unique. An example for is that general adaption syndrome assumes that everyone responds in the same way to stress but does not take into account that some people have or need more support than others.* Cognitive The Cognitive theory was development by Jean Piaget who believed children are born with a very sanctioned mental structure, genetically inherited and evolved, in which all subsequent learning and knowledge is based. One strength of the cognitive approach is that is looks at thought processes which were ignored by other psychologists, especially behaviourists. It looks at processes such as memory, attention and perception which all have an effect on our behaviour. Another strength of this approach is that its theories have been applied to cognitive therap ies such as rational emotive therapy which is a therapy that focuses on resolving emotional and behavioural problems and helping people to antedate happier and more fulfilling lives.This therapy has been successful in changing irrational thoughts so that behaviour improves. However, a weakness of the cognitive approach is that it reduces human behaviour down to individual processes such as memory and attention. This is a weakness because the human is a product of all the processes working together and not just individual parts. Another weaknesses is that the approach is too mechanical, it compares the human to computers and suggests they have similar though processes. This is a weakness as humans are much more complex than computers.* humanistic The humanistic approach was developed by a psychologist called Abraham Maslow who observed the study of the whole person. He looked at human behaviour not only through the eyes of the observed, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving. A strength of this theory is that is focuses on both the positive nature of humankind and the free will associated with change. Another strength is the way in which many of its aspects fit well with other approaches. Many therapies have provided a more humanistic undertone in their work with clients. Even though they may argue that the humanistic theory does not go far enough, they see the benefit in helping people change.However, a weakness of this theory if that is appears to centre on its lack of concrete treatment on specific issues. With the basic concept behind the theory being free will, it is difficult to develop treatments and study the effectiveness of this theory. Secondly, there are those who believe that the humanistic theory does not help those with more severe personality or mental health problems. Another weakness is that this theory is alleviate not complete as there are different questions that are still unanswered. For example, are people basically good or are their some individuals who are not capable of this? As these questions are still unanswered it questions if the theory is effective.

Genetically modified organism Essay Example for Free

Genetic tout ensembley limited organism EssayIn 1994, the first genetically special nutrition was tested and sold out into the market. Since then, over 35 countries and establishments from all around the world dupe started producing genetically special foods. genetically modified foods should be permitted because of its health benefits and advantages to the economy. Genetically modified foods, also known as engineered foods and biotech foods, atomic number 18 foods whose DNA has been modified in ways that do not by nature occur.Scientists tweak the DNA of the food by collaborating it with genes from a different organism, which gives the manufacturer all control over the plants genetic structure. Most of the genetically modified foods atomic number 18 from plants such as potatoes, corn, rice and even salmon. Animal feed, is also made up of crops such as soybeans, which are almost all genetically modified, substance the food we eat from animals such as cows and chickens, are all cosmos fed genetically modified foods, which then passes down to the meat they produce. at that place are a variety of reasons to why people have started genetically modifying food.To begin, it can enhance the taste of food it increases the nutrients and also prevents pesticides and diseases. It is also a dear agentive role for the producers and the consumers as they can both save money since genetically modified foods are cheaper and most importantly since they last bulkyer, making this an economic benefit. Although all the benefits it provides, a lot of harm comes with it. The way GM foods are engineered, is by taking a gene out of one organism and placing it into another, which disturbs the plants natural DNA. This factor kills off normal cells and provides the plant with the chemicals that scientist have injected into the plants for them to be able to last longer.Lastly, this action introduces allergens and toxins to food. The hardly ones to benefit from GM foods a re multinational biotech companies and GM food consumers. To begin, it is economically beneficial for biotech companies because they are able to grow more crops that would last longer than a naturally grown crop. An example of this would be a potato.A naturally grown potato could last up to 3 weeks without being destroyed, in comparison to the genetically modified potato, which could last up to 7 weeks without being destroyed. Meaning this could benefit both the producers and the consumers because the fruits and vegetables that are being modified have longer shelf lives making the consumer save money and benefit from the bought products.Following its long life ability, genetically modified foods improve the availability of food for the world. As it lasts longer and cost cheaper than organic products, it improves the availability of food for the world by only producing so much at a time. Instead of producing 5 organic potatoes that will die off in 3 weeks, genetically modified potato es are grown and will last 7 weeks, making us save potato seeds, which save more food for later increasing the worlds food supply. As GM foods are increasing the worlds food supply, they also provide an additional amount of nutrients chemically made.Genetically modified foods are modified to have more nutrients in it than the original food would have. Golden Rice, for example, is claimed to be fortified with vitamin A, which is an essential vitamin for the human body, which is provided by GM Golden Rice. There have been a great number of studies tracking the effects of GMOs on animals. Overwhelmingly, these studies indicate that GMOs are safe to consume.Impact on farming, GMOs allows plants to be modified to grow in environments that would be normally inhospitable. Cheaper food means, easier farming means more food, which, in turn, means less expensive food. This is not only beneficial for the average consumer, hardly it can have global implications less expensive food makes it eas ier to feed hungry populations around the world. Increased nutritional value GMOs can be modified to have greater nutritional value than the organism would have naturally. For example, scientists, hoping to eliminate the need for post-harvest processing, have genetically modified rice to contain significantly higher(prenominal) amounts of vitamin A.This golden rice is not yet legal in most countries, but experts expect it to be within the next few years. All the Yes points 1. Genetically modified foods fill original food with chemicals. 2. Genetically Modified Food can cause cancer. 3. Genetically modified foods greatly affect our long-term health and well-being. 4. Genetically Modified foods All the No points Genetically modified foods can help solve the food crisis.

Concept of Value Proposition Essay Example for Free

Concept of Value Proposition EssayThe concept of re nourish proffer is often utilize in market literature Anderson et al. 2006, Clarke III 2001. Value proposition is understood in this paper as a composition of set delivered to customers by a company in order to satisfy their needs. Values are delivered to customers through products or serves, other instruments of marketing or in other way of lifes (e.g. by corporate credibility). They chamberpot be several(predicate)ly categorized. Probably the simplest categorization of assess includes functional and symbolic value. In the conventional economy a very common rule of value proposition formulation is combining the price level with the values for customer. According to this rule, companies offering inferior values charge customers lower prices than companies offering superior values. Hence, in that respect can be several strategies of value proposition distinguished (e.g. inferior value low prices, superior value h igh prices). The application possibilities of this rule on the cyberspace are constrained.The rule explains wholesome the strategies of companies winning part in a monetary value exchange, such as online workshops. Among them there are companies interchange a product with inferior customer service and charging low price and other companies that enrich the same product in great customer service and expect higher prices for it. Referring values to price level may not always be used on the Internet for several reasons. In the online environment many companies offer superior customer values for free. To these companies belong newspapers publishing content or companies offering communications services on the Internet, such as e-mail or instant messaging providers.Moreover, according to Kim on the Internet the dodge of offering superior values and charging high prices is rarely adopted 2004. In traditional economy this strategy is most often used when marketing high quality, well-b randed products to affluent customers. Author distinguished v following strategies of value proposition on the Internet strategy of efficiency, free values, complete customer solutions, unique values and value co-creation. It is worth mentioning, that these strategies have been formulated according to different criteria and may be merged. system of EfficiencyEfficiency strategy consists in offering values to customers, which are to lower their transactional, fundamental interaction and other costs and in this way allow savings of time and money. The examples of companies adopting this strategy are online auctions. Due to supply aggregation they offer wide range of products, which leads to lowering customer transactional costs at heart offer search and analyses. Moreover, these companies decrease also customer costs by reduction of information asymmetry. This phenomenon occurs when one of the transaction parties has greater knowledge than the other companionship and is able to tak e advantage of it.Usually, this is the seller who has greater knowledge, which is the best seen on the second-hand market. Online auctions reduce the information asymmetry using the sellers evaluation performed by buyers. It is worth mentioning that online auctions also deliver knowledge on buyers, which allows reducing the risk and the transactional costs of sellers. Research of Garciano and Kaplan showed that transactional costs of buying or selling a used car with the use of Internet is twice as low as without it Zott, Amid, 2001. Many Internet companies apply the efficiency strategy while offering values related to communications. These solutions such as e-mail services, instant communicators, social networking websites also reduce the transactional costs of a customer.Strategy of Free ValuesFree value strategy is based on offering values to customers, for which they are not charged. This strategy has been popular since the early years of commercial use of Internet. As a consequ ence many companies, among which newspapers, charge customers outside Internet, while offering these values for free online, which in turn leads to problems with generating income. Strategy of free values can be a part of a broader business strategy assuming the revenue generation. This can be performed twofold revenues can be generated by another throng of customers or the company can charge customers for premium values. The first concept assumes that the company is acting on a multisided market and needs at least two distinct groups of customers to generate revenue Evans, 2003. Internet portals have two distinct groups of customers. The first one are final users who take advantage of values offered by the portal for free such as news, e-mail or search engine.The other group of customers are advertisers, who provide the portal with revenues, for which they can demo advertisement. In this case the free value strategy is used in order to build customer base, on which company will o ffer paying(a) services for the other group of customers (advertisers). The other method of offering free values is based on acquisition of customers, who take advantage of free values and are also offered premium values, for which they have to pay. This strategy is often called freemium, which is the composite of free and premium. This strategy may seem to be very attractive, however its biggest quarrel is the necessity of offering so precious values, for which customers who already receive free values will be willing to pay.Strategy of Complete Customer SolutionsStrategy of complete customer solutions relies on offering a broad scope of values from certain categories*. Internet technologies enable presenting a high number of products in online stores, which dissolving agents from low technological constraints. As a consequence online stores often shape their offer according to the long tail rule, which assumes offering both best-sellers, as well as receding products. Moreov er, many companies offer values based on the economies of scope. This concept consists in offering products from different categories.A travel agency taking advantage of economies of scope would also offer insurance, car rentals etc. An often quoted example of complete customer solution is Amazon.com. The company offers wide range of products (long tail) including niche products, and at the same time offers products from other categories such as household electronics (economies of scope). The strategy of complete customer solutions describes well also the strategy of Google. The company delivers different sets of values (products) allowing search, exchange and management of information in the online environment.Strategy of Unique ValuesThe next of formulated is the strategy of unique values. A company follows this strategy, if it offers precious values on the market. This situation is very attractive, as it allows charging high prices and thus taking advantage of high margin. The g reatest disadvantage of this strategy are difficulties in creating scarce values and then sustaining the scarcity in long term. The adoption of unique values strategy may result from innovations, privileged access to resources or operating in a niche. Innovations in value offerings may lead to situation in which a company offers unique values to customer. Examples of companies following this strategy are Skype and Google with its search engine. A company may offer unique values which result from a privileged access to resources.This strategy is adopted by media companies, such as newspapers, TV or radio stations, that offer online content unavailable on other websites. Uniqueness of values offered may also result from operating in a niche, in which consumer needs are different and should be satisfied with different composition of values. Acting in a niche is often combined with a low competition pressure and a higher level of margin. A example for this strategy may be an online stor e offering shoes in large sizes. The strategy of unique values is attractive as it allows to burden customer with higher financial and non-financial costs.It means that a company may charge higher prices or impose higher transactional costs on them (such as slowly operating website). In an opposite case, when a company offers common values, which are also offered by a numerous number of competitors, reduction of monetary and non-monetary customer costs may be a method of increasing values for a customer. This is easily to notice in the sector of online stores offering household equipment, books, music or websites allowing hotel reservation or air passage ticket purchase. In these industries, companies often compete on the Internet with low prices, which may lead to deterioration of their margin.Strategy of Value Co-CreationThe strategy of value co-creation assumes that customers actively participate in shaping the value proposition, which will be delivered to themselves or to other customers. According to Prahalad and Ramaswany, this is the value co-creation with customers that is the essence of competition in modern economy 2004. The scope of the strategy is broad. It includes the situation, in which a customer co- take a shits composition of values with a company for himself. The customers may also create values orientated not at themselves, but at other customers. In both cases, the process of value co-creation must be developed on the basis of mutual perpetration Dobiegaa-Korona, 2009. In the first case, customers activity can be described as mass customization. According to Kleeman and Voss mass customization refers to isolated activity of individualistic customers (..), not to the collective activity of many individuals 2008.Within the mass customization the value exchange can be described as one-to-one and the participation of other customers is not required. The examples of implementation of mass customization are numerous. Consumers may build their own computer, change the equipment of a car or design clothes. Value co-creation orientated at other customers assumes that a customer actively participates in activities aimed at creating values for other customers. The scope of these activities is also broad. They include creating and publishing content on the Internet, interaction and communication with other customers in social networking websites or software development in the Open Source movement. Usually a numerous number of customers (users) create values for other more numerous group of customers recipients. The value exchange can be described as all-to-all, as opposed to the former one-to-one. expiryCompeting on the Internet requires an adoption to the new environment. The way in which companies shape their values propositions is also a subject of change. Author proposed in this paper five strategies of customer value proposition. The proposed strategies are an alternative to the traditional approach combining values for customer with price level. Porters competitive strategies comply with the traditional approach to value proposition. According to his conclusion a company should act either as a price leader and offer low value for low prices, or as a differentiator and offer differentiated values for higher prices. New approach to value proposition on the Internet requires then new ways of achieving competitive advantage. A research combining the proposed strategies with new approach to competitive advantage may be a continuation of this paper.

Sexual Health for Learning Disabilities

Sexual Health for learn DisabilitiesSexual Health For great deal With Learning DisabilitiesThis leaflet is about stack with learn disabilities and their sexual wellness. While there is considerable legislation concerned with disability from the 1970 Social attend tos spot to the 1995 impairment Discrimination exercise and beyond, it is non always clear that the involves of this user group ar being addressed in appropriate ways. This is because there is a lack of research into how this user group live their lives and how they feel about life and sexuality.Legislation and Anti-Oppressive PracticeUnder the terms of the NHS and confederation C be Act of 1990 brotherly assists form a trading to make an assessment of need to any mortal in their subject who whitethorn lease need of their advantages. With regard to wad with animal(prenominal) or learning disabilities the department withal has a duty to find out about such people in their area and to offer an ass essment of need even if that has not been requested. The social establisher must take account of the 1998 kind Rights Act when dealing with anyone. It is illicit for social workers to discriminate against people or hinder their access to services on any basis. A social workers should act in the best inte lie downs of their clients, the service users, and engage in anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice.Anti-oppressive practice atomic number 50 involve the social worker attempting to take conduct over the way in which he/she uses language. In society to fully engage in such practice a social worker would need to take care that in dealing with service users who may subscribe to difficulty in communicating their needs the social worker does not end up imposing their own agenda on the service user. When it comes to people with learning disabilities here is a need for different models and levels of participation depending on the service users circumstances. Participation appoints some service users time others may not be able to be truly involved at any recognisable level without the intervention of a third person an advocate. The agency for moral wellness MIND adumbrates that many an(prenominal) people with learning or mental health difficulties should find an advocate who is impartial and who can intercommunicate them what is available in terms of services and support and who will promote their best interests as service users. Those who are able to engage with the process a lot go on to promote the rights of other service users.The service user movement has been a driving force in the struggle for people with mental health problems or learning difficulties entitlement to live as ordinary a way of life as they can (Carr, 2004). People with learning difficulties may hold multiple and complex needs, nevertheless under the 1998 Human Rights Act, they are entitlight-emitting diode to be treated with dignity and local authorities have a duty to abide by the requirements of this Act (Moore, 2002). Nevertheless there are areas where the Act is sometimes ignored and this is most apparent when it comes to the sexual health of people with learning disabilities.Learning Disabilities and Sexual HealthThere has been in truth teentsy research into the lives of people with learning disabilities. The first of its kind was a government survey of 2,898 people which was carried out between June 2003 and October 2004. The report dealt with people with learning disabilities (to what extent they were learning disabled is not always defined) between the ages of 16 and 91. The report found the pastime45% of the people interviewed were under the age of 306% were from minority ethnic communities.92% of totally people with learning difficulties who likewisek part in the schooling were single and 7% of these had children but only half that number looked after their children themselves.7% either lived alone or with a partner.There is an e ven great dearth of information when it comes to the sexual health of people with learning difficulties. In fact media reports suggest that many people with learning difficulties are actively deter from engaging in what most people regard as a healthy sex life. There have even been instances where family members have tried to have girls with learning disabilities sterilised so that they could not back children. A (2006) report from the University of Ulster Out of the Shadows, found that the sexual health of people with learning disabilities was all too often ignored. This is because family members and professionals do not want to acknowledge that this user group has such needs. The report found thatPeople with learning disabilities want to have relationships and chatter reveres of being lonely. But the feel over-protected by professionals and family carers. Consequently there are few opportunities to develop relationships and meet new people.Some family carers want their child to have the very(prenominal) rights as everyone else. But they feel embarrassed to talk about sex with their children and are concerned for their safety. Feeling unsupported and isolated stops them from bringing up these issues in the home.Professionals and front line staff are aware that the issues around sex and sexuality are not being addressed. However they are stamp down by being under resourced, under trained, and at times restricted by a lack of clear guidelines and policies to support them (http//news.ulster.ac.uk/releases/2006/2892.html). all the way insufficient vigilance is being paid to what this group of service users actually want. People are embarrassed by the fact that people with learning difficulties may have the same hopes, fears, and aspirations as everyone else. Clearly there is a need for more research and for education so that a greater understanding of people with learning disabilities and their needs is actually met.Further information on people with le arning disabilities and their needs can be found at the following websiteshttp//www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/ihr/index.htm website concerned with the inclusion of adults and five-year-old people with learning disabilities in all areas of life.http//www.inspiredservices.org.uk/ website about community living, when it may be necessary and how it is meant to empower people.http//www.ndt.org.uk/ website that campaigns for inclusion of people with learning disabilities at all levels of ordinary life http//www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Surveys/Othersurveys/Generalsurveys/DH_4081207.Government surveyElder AbuseThe agency called Age Concern is concerned that the rights of old(a) people often get overlooked. This is peculiarly the case where the person is either unable or unwilling to speak for themselves. Thus Age Concern maintains that sr. people need advocates (a disinterested third party) to put their case when the rights of an older person are being ignored or overlooked. S ince the publication of the National Service Framework for Older People in 2000 there has been a directive for more advocacy when it comes to addressing the needs of older people and this move that has been welcomed by Age Concern.Advocacy is about protecting the rights of people as human beings and making sure that their wishes are taken into account when decisions are being made that affect what may happen to them. Advocacy therefore, is meant to empower those people who may have the least power in society. There are those who maintain that there should be specialist advocacy with regard to the problems of age. Service user participation involves rights and responsibilities on behalf of both the service user and a service provider. When it comes to older people who may be confused about what is happening, or who refuse to become involved in the process then a definition of rights and responsibilities is problematic because without equal cooperation it is difficult to find a way of ensuring that these are fulfilled.At the very least it has to be acknowledged that everyone has the right to be protected from corrupt and to be treated with respect. The aim of good advocacy is to find that older people are aware that the local authority has a duty of care with regard to their needs. Advocates also try to ensure that older people have an understanding of what to contract for and what to expect when it comes to support and services. When this is possible it enables older people to exercise their rights as citizens, however, some older people may have no idea what is going on and may be confused by the whole process. In cases like this an advocate would look at the older persons circumstances and needs, as well as hearing to the carers input, and would then put forward a case for their care and ask for an assessment. This is not, however, a guarantee that the person will receive residential care, however much a family force want it.A social worker would listen to what the family and perhaps the advocate had to read and would then ask what provisions were currently in place, whether these were provided by social services or by the family. Once they had assessed the patch the information would be given to a care manager who would decide what could be offered (Moore, 2002). In some cases this would be residential care.As people start older they can develop fears that they did not have before. Many older people, for example, are afraid to leave their homes for fear of being attacked, and numbers of them are also afraid of being attacked in their own home. However, figures from the British Crime Survey 2001, tend to suggest that the likelihood of being a victim of crime decreases with age. in spite of this, many elderly people live in fear of being burgled or attacked in their homes by a stranger. Yet the figures support the idea that this fear is largely unfounded the burglary figures for 2001 yield the following informationIn 1000 house holds of people aged between 16 and 24 17.6% had been burgledIn 1000 households with residents of 75 and over only 2% were burgled despite these figures many elderly people are haunted by the fear that they are not safe on the streets and may not be safe in their own home. At the same time some media reports tend to suggest that older people are safer in their own homes than they might be if they went into residential care. Older people may not always be willing to go into residential care but an assessment may be asked for by other family members or by carers who are feeling the strain of looking after a demanding elderly relative. Some older people, however, may have become so frightened in their own homes that they want to go into residential care.Care and AbuseDespite the fact that some elderly people feel that they will be safer in residential accommodation there are factors which suggest this feeling may be misplaced. The marketisation of care, and the growth of private care h omes means that there is some evidence which supports the view that the elderly may be more at run a take a chance of abuse of their rights and criminal assault in residential settings than in their own home (Ward et al, 1986). The 1990 NHS and Community Care Act, and the introduction of market forces into the care sector has meant that many former council run residences are now privately owned and run for a profit. This is the case even if the person does go into a council run home, they or their family members will be pass judgment to make some contribution to the cost (Kerr et al, 2005).Even if people are in council run homes then they or their families are expected to make at least some contribution to the cost of their care. The shift to a mixed economy of care means that some carers have little or no personal care about the job they are doing and this can lead to older people being at risk of break down and abuse. There have been plenty of media reports of neglect and abus e in residential care where older peoples human rights go unacknowledged and misdirection and a lack of proper supervision can lead to neglect and abuse (Smart, 1997).At a time when they should be receiving more care and management some older people are being abused by the very people who are meant to be looking after them. It would seem that marketisation has led to a lack of proper control over what goes on in some residential homes and there needs to be some mechanism whereby such places are inspected on a regular basis.Useful resourceshttp//www.elderabuse.org.uk/Media%20and%20Resources/Useful%20downloads/AEA/AP%20Monitoring.pdfhttp//www.elderabuse.org.uk/http//www.aoa.gov/eldfam/Elder_Rights/Elder_Abuse/Elder_Abuse.aspVulnerable AdultsThere are general guidelines related to social work practice and this is specially the case when it comes to the protection of the weak and susceptible. All local authorities have a duty to be aware of the number of people in their area who mig ht be considered vulnerable adults. The legislative framework that governs the actions of a social worker working with vulnerable adults is based on the following1948 National assist Act Part 3Local Authority Social Services Act 1970The Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970National Health and Community Care Act 1990Depending on the age of the vulnerable adult they are dealing with then the social worker will also have to bear in mindSection 45 of the Health Service and Public Health Act 1968Section 117 of the Mental Health Act of 1983General understanding of the 1998 Human Rights ActThe National Services Framework for Older PeopleSocial workers should also be conversant with the terms of the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act before they make any assessment of a vulnerable adult. A lot of the problems that vulnerable adults experience, particularly if they have mental health problems, are out-of-pocket to the fact that many professionals (particularly medical professional s) still work with the medical model of disability. This model holds that a persons problems and vulnerabilities are rooted in their pathology i.e. they are part of that persons make up. The problem with this model is that there is a tendency to hold the person responsible for whatever their problems may be (Oliver, 1996). A more favorable model for the service user is the social model. This model looks at factors that are external to the service user such as environmental factors and any other social factors that may give rise to ill health or vulnerability.Who Are Vulnerable Adults?Vulnerable adults might be those people who need care because for one reason or another(prenominal) they cannot look after themselves. This might include the followingOlder peoplePeople with mental health difficultiesPeople with strong-arm disabilitiesPeople with learning disabilitiesSubstance MisusersHomeless PeopleIn an abusive relationshipAccording to media and Government reports, older people are of ten subject to abuse by the people who are meant to be caring for them. The same thing happens to people with the sort of physical disabilities that prevent them caring for themselves, people with mental health difficulties and people with learning disabilities. In some cases women are more vulnerable and more at risk than men as in some cases they face the risk of sexual assault by carers, particularly if they are not family members. Government concerns over the abuse of vulnerable adults led to the setting up of the POVA the Protection of Vulnerable Adults Scheme in England and Wales. The scheme is implemented with regard to care homes for vulnerable adults, checking the backgrounds of people who work with vulnerable adults, either in a care home or in the persons own home. The problem is that until a crime is move there is no actual legislation that deals with the protection of vulnerable adults. Some local authorities have produced guidelines for multi-agency working in case of the abuse of vulnerable adults.Harm and Abuse of Vulnerable AdultsVulnerable adults can be abused or harmed in a number of ways, some of which are criminal. Non-criminal abuse might include not paying sufficient attention to their needs, denying them their human rights by not treating them as a person of equal human worth. Abuse can also occur by default when a carer neglects to take proper care of someone who is vulnerable by leaving them in an unclean assign or leaving a confused person to wander without supervision. The more criminal aspects of the abuse of vulnerable adults can include stealing from them, misappropriating money from their accounts and physical or sexual assault. Sometimes it is as a result of harm that a vulnerable adult comes to the attention of social services and it is then the social workers job to assess the needs of that person.When a social worker makes an assessment of need, even if the person in need is recognized as a vulnerable adult, they can only provide services if certain criteria are satisfied. Those people who have a score lower than 4,5 or 6 may only be entitled to information and advice (Moore, 2002). This means that a lot of vulnerable adults are left out in the cold and it is sometimes the case that they become involved with mental health services by being sectioned under the 1983 Mental Health Act. Here an ASW or ratified Social Worker can recommend to a mental health team that a person be sectioned or forcibly detained for a period of 28 days if they are regarded as being at risk or posing a risk to others. Vulnerable adults are another group who may at sometime need the services of an advocate to put forward their concerns. It is also the case that unless and until there is some legislation in place for the protection of vulnerable adults this abuse and neglect will continue.Useful resourcesDisability Discrimination Act 1995 http//www.drc-gb.org/thelaw/thedda.asphttp//www.after16.org.uk/pages/law5.htmlhttp//www.d h.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4085855Moore, S. 2002 3rd Edition Social eudaimonia Alive Cheltenham, Nelson ThornesMental HealthLocal authorities now have a duty to act in ways that are conversant with the 1998 Human Rights Act and this means that social workers have a duty to help people with mental health difficulties to deal with any problems they encounter. Some research tends to suggest that over the last fifteen years those who use mental health services have been treated in a prejudicial way. This is largely a result of the fact Government discourse is phrased in such a way that this group is seen mostly in terms of the risks they may pose to the rest of society.Some social workers have a lot of power when it comes to people who are assessed as having mental health problems. In Britain we have what are cognise as Approved Social Workers, these social workers are often involved in sectioning a person that is to say a pers on can be detained for twenty eight days without their consent for assessment of their mental capabilities. This can be problematic because if a service user is being aggressive it is not always easy to tell whether this is just in response to whatever is going on at that moment or whether the person actually does have a mental health problem or a psychosis.Hannigan and Cutliffe (2002) argue that the medical model of health is the most prevalent in the mental health sector. Under the terms of the 1983 Mental Health Act this often results in medical treatments that may involve, for example, the use of drugs or electro-convulsive therapy without the persons consent. What is most pitiful about this is that it can be used as a threat against vulnerable adults who may not need this kind of treatment but who may be irritating the professionals with whom they come into contact. This is especially the case if the adult concerned has a tendency to be a bit aggressive. Professionals may ofte n put one over that this person is displaying psychosis when they are simply displaying an exaggerated form of annoyance at what is going on. Current legal definitions of what constitutes a mental disorder (and the guidelines with which many professionals work) are not necessarily the same as psychiatric definitions of what constitutes mental illness. With recent changes to the Mental Health Act this situation becomes even more worrying because it widens the displace to include other definitions of mental illness, definitions which could just as well be a result of social misfortune as something inherently wrong with a person.Some research tends to suggest that the mental health system is racist and that black and white youths who may behave in a similar elbow room are treated differently and black youths are more likely to be assessed as having a mental health problem.The disproportionate use of absolute sections of the Mental Health Act 1983 for black people, and the links bet ween mental health and the criminal justice system, suggest that the basic rights of many black service users are under threat. A holistic model would emphasise basic human rights and require great caution in the use of statutory powers in mental health services. Black service users rights would be safeguarded through anti-discriminatory procedures, accessible appeals and complaints systems, and accurate monitoring. Safeguards include quality assurance systems based on service users views. These should take indicators of service outcomes based on improvements to black service users quality of life (Ferns, P. 2000 no pagination)Increased use of sectioning under the Mental Health Act could be regarded as a form of blackmail in mental health just another way of saying you behave the way I say you will behave or this is what will happen to you. The police also have greater powers under the 1983 Act. Section 136 gives them the right to detain people in a safe place for 72 hours if they are considered to be a risk to themselves or others, even if they havent been aggressive or make anything else that would warrant being detained. This is a frightening state of affairs because it means that anyone who upsets authority in some way could be at risk of losing their casualness without charge and without trial.The mental health charity Mind say that actual psychosis is far less prevalent in Britain than some figures would have us call back and that the 1983 Act is in danger of being used as a means of social control rather than the protection of the public and of vulnerable adults.Clearly there are many issues around Mental Health that are extremely worrying. If you are homeless you are automatically seen as having mental health problems and some literature also refers to women who have experienced domestic violence in these terms. Mental health issues and social blackmail it would seem are very closely related.Useful resourceshttp//www.communitycare.co.uk/articles/a rticle.asp?liarticleid=7951 Full ref. in bibliographyhttp//www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentrehttp//www.lho.org.uk/HIL/Disease_Groups/MentalHealth_Inequalities.htm London Healthhttp//www.mind.org.uk/Information/Factsheets/Statistics/Statistics+3.htmhttp//www.mind.org.uk/Information/Factsheets/Statistics/Statistics+3.htmhttp//www.nacro.org.uk/about/Youth justice are we getting it right.pdf